The absolute refractory period refers to a period during the action potential. This is the time during which another stimulus given to the neuron (no matter how strong) will not lead to a second action potential. The absolute refractory period starts immediately after the initiation of the action potential and lasts until after the peak of the action potential. Following this period, the relative refractory period begins.

Relative refractory period

Neuronal Action Potential - Refractory Periods

The relative refractory period refers to a period during the action potential. This is the time during which a stronger than normal stimulus is needed in order to elicit an action potential. The relative refractory period immediately follows the absolute refractory period.

Absolute refractory period

Neuronal Action Potential - Refractory Periods

Sub-threshold (or subthreshold) refers to a stimulus that is too small in magnitude to produce an action potential in excitable cells.

In general, a sub-threshold stimulus leads to the depolarization of the membrane, but the magnitude of the depolarization is not large enough to reach the threshold voltage. Therefore, sub-threshold stimuli do not elicit action potentials.

Threshold
Supra-threshold

Neuronal Action Potential - Introduction

Supra-threshold (or suprathreshold) refers to a stimulus that is large enough in magnitude to produce an action potential in excitable cells.

In general, a supra-threshold stimulus leads to the depolarization of the membrane, and the magnitude of the depolarization is larger than that necessary to simply reach the threshold voltage. Therefore, supra-threshold stimuli elicit action potentials.

Threshold
Sub-threshold

Neuronal Action Potential - Introduction

The condition of hearing a sound in the absence of an external sound stimulus. The sound may be ringing, buzzing, whistling, or hissing. The sound may be soft, loud, low-pitched, or high-pitched. It may be heard in one ear or both ears (simultaneously or independent of one another).

Tinnitus (Wikipedia)